Chapter six summaries ENG 93

In this chapter an author is explore how to design a message with words by carefully chosen the power of words to ensure message clarity and avoid misunderstanding. Verbal communication is the use of any linguistic symbols spoken, sign, or written language to accomplish message goals, while verbal style is a set of behaviors that reflect aspects of our individual personality, it also varies depending on the context in which the verbal interaction occurs, and there are nine primary verbal communications styles, all of which are used for different purposes. There are two primary types of word meanings denotation and connotative, denotation is the literal or common description of a word that can be found in a dictionary, connotation is less definitive and involves the personal or emotional feelings that we associate with words .speech rules are a set of verbal speech conventions in message exchange, they includes rules of grammar, interaction, social style and semantics to accomplish. Individuals who are members of a specific community use jargon to describe concepts and tools used in their particular field, during social groups and cultures sometimes use slang to informally describe or imply meaning about a subject. The verbal problems may make your message less powerful and more vague like abstraction which is the use of complicated rather than concrete language, bypassing which happens when different meanings are associated with the same word symbol or when different symbols are used to identify the same idea or project, fact inference, this problem arises from insufficient information, misused words which means that words are misapplied, overgeneralization is the use of sweeping statements that do not provide enough information, extremism that means to see the world simplistically, in black and white, rather than in shades of gray, and inflexibility it’s the results from rigidity in our awareness of the world around us. The fear we experience when faced with a certain type of communication interaction called communication apprehension and the key to reduce this is done by preparation. Both persuasion and argumentation come into play often in our role as business communicators to influence behavior, the process of making connections between ideas and evidence is called reasoning , while the reasons are a statement of evidence, support used in an argument. One sided argument involves the presentation of only one point of view or one side of an issue, while the two-sided argument presents both sides of an issue- not only the speaker’s position but also opposing views